Optimization of stir-frying with saltwater technology of Citrus reticulate by entropy weight method combined with central composite design-response surface method / 中国药房

O BJECTIVE To optimize stir-frying with saltwater technology of Citrus reticulata . METHODS Taking the contents of limonin ，nomilin and obacunone ，color difference value and free radical scavenging rate of 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenyl hydrazine （DPPH） as the indexes ，the entropy weight method was used for comprehensive evaluation. The stir-frying with saltwater technology of C. reticulata was optimized by central composite design-response surface method by using water-salt ratio ，stewing time，frying temperature and frying time as factors. RESULTS The optimal stir-frying with saltwater technology of C. reticulata included water-salt ratio of 8 ∶ 1（mL/g），stewing time of 22 min，frying time of 9 min and frying temperature of 158 ℃. After three times of validation tests ，the average comprehensive score of the optimized technology was 92.35（RSD＝2.19％），and its relative error with the predicted value （93.25）was 1.10％. CONCLUSIONS The optimal stir-frying with saltwater technology is stable and feasible.

Quality markers of Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata before and after processing / 中国中药杂志

Based on the previous research results of our group and literature research, the chemical components, mechanisms, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata were summarized to determine the quality markers(Q-markers) of Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata and Zingiberis Rhizoma. Our research group has clarified the differential components of Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata and Zingiberis Rhizoma, the meridian-warming hemostatic effect of Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata, the related targets and pathways of the effect, the endogenous biomarkers of Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata, and the hemodynamic processes of Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata and Zingiberis Rhizoma. Moreover, based on high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HPLC-DAD-ESIMS), a method for determining the content of Q-mar-kers was established. In conclusion, the study finally determined that gingerone, 6-shogaol, and diacetyl-6-gingerol were the Q-mar-kers of Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata decoction pieces, and 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol were Q-markers of Zingiberis Rhizoma decoction pieces. The result is expected to provide a reference for the establishment of quality standards for Zingiberis Rhizoma Carbonisata decoction pieces and Zingiberis Rhizoma decoction pieces.

Processing of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a traditional Chinese medicinal material， Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus is often used as medicine after steaming to reduce its pungency and give full play to its medicinal effects. By consulting the relevant literature， this paper intends to sort out the related researches on the processing history， modern processing standard records， flavor and meridian tropism， efficacy， processing and taking methods， processing technology， chemical composition， pharmacological effects and quality analysis of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. It is found that the processing methods of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the past dynasties are mainly roasting， distilled into dew， aging， frying， salting and steaming， of which steaming is the most common. In modern times， steaming is mainly used in Guangdong and Sichuan. The descriptions of flavor and meridian tropism and efficacy of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the past dynasties are basically consistent with the modern descriptions. Its taste is pungent， bitter and acidic， and it is warm in nature. It belongs to the liver， spleen， stomach and lung meridians. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus contains volatile oil， flavonoids and their glycosides， coumarins and limonins and other compounds. In recent years， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） and other methods are commonly used for the chemical composition analysis. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus has the activities of relieving cough， reducing phlegm， relieving asthma， anti-inflammation， anti-bacteria and anti-oxidation， etc. After processing， its volatile and non-volatile components， and pharmacological effects all have a certain change. However， the current research on processing of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus is not in-depth enough. It is necessary to further analyze the material basis of steaming to reduce dryness， explore its dryness medicinal substances and dryness-effect quantitative correlation， so as to clarify its processing mechanism， and provide basis for the subsequent processing research， resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the future.

Processing of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in China. By referring to herbal monographs and related research documents， and comparing all editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local processing specifications， the processing history， modern processing specifications， study on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects before and after processing of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were summarized. It was found that the processing methods of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in the past dynasties were mainly cleansing， cutting and frying. The processing methods of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium included in all editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were all cleansing and cutting. In modern local processing specifications， there were mainly processing methods such as frying， steaming and carbonizing. The components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were mainly volatile oil and flavonoids. After processing， the total amount of volatile oil generally decreased， and the contents and compositions of volatile oil and flavonoids also changed. It may be the main reason for the difference of efficacy before and after processing. At present， the optimization of processing technology of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium mainly focuses on steaming， processing with vinegar and baking. Pharmacological research on Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium mainly focuses on reducing blood lipid， relieving cough， relieving asthma and resolving phlegm， and inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis. The current research on the processing methods of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium is not in-depth enough， the material basis of many processing methods has not been clarified， and the research on the efficacy before and after processing is not in-depth enough. Further research is needed to clarify the material basis and mechanism after the processing of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， so as to standardize the processing method and establish specific quality standards.

Research Progress of Citri Reticulatae Semen / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Citri Reticulatae Semen is a traditional Chinese medicine in our country. By referring to the relevant literature and materials such as the works of ancient and modern materia medica， this paper summarizes the historical evolution of processing， quality analysis， pharmacological effects and other aspects of Citri Reticulatae Semen. The results showed that the processing methods of Citri Reticulatae Semen in the past dynasties mainly included stir-frying， processing with wine， baking with wine， etc. The modern stir-baking with salt solution was developed on the basis of the ancient stir-frying with green salt， most of the national and provincial processing standards contained crude and salt-processed products of Citri Reticulatae Semen. The properties and flavors of Citri Reticulatae Semen in the past dynasties were basically consistent with those in modern times. It is bitter in taste and neutral in nature. It belongs to the liver and kidney meridians and has the effects of regulating Qi， dispersing knots and relieving pain. Citri Reticulatae Semen contains limonins， fatty acids， proteins and mineral elements， etc. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and thin layer chromatography （TLC） were commonly used to detect and analyze Citri Reticulatae Semen. Citri Reticulatae Semen has anti-tumor， anti-inflammatory， analgesic and antibacterial activities， and processing can change the content of its chemical components to a certain extent. In a word， the current research about Citri Reticulatae Semen is not enough in-depth， it is necessary to further analyze the material basis of efficacy of Citri Reticulatae Semen and its processed products， explore the change law of chemical components before and after processing and the relationship between chemical composition and activity， and clarify the processing mechanism for providing scientific basis for its standardized processing， quality control and clinical rational use.

Analysis on Historical Evolution of Steaming Methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Steaming is a traditional processing method of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In this paper， taking the Collection of Processing Methods of TCM （Ancient Times） as a clue and checking the original herb books， the historical evolution of TCM steaming was sorted out and analyzed from four aspects， including steaming method， steaming variety， quality control method of steaming process， and steaming purpose. The results showed that the steaming method was originated from the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Afterwards， a total of 56 steaming methods were recorded. The most steamed varieties recorded in Song dynasty were 104， and the most newly added varieties in Song dynasty were 90. The steamed varieties recorded in the processing specifications of southern provinces and cities were higher than those of northern provinces and cities， including 43 in Guangdong province. The quality control of steaming process in Tang dynasty included steaming time， steaming times， softening by steaming， etc. In the Song dynasty， the steamed until aroma and sweet and steaming rotten were increased. In the Ming dynasty， the poisonous drugs steamed until no numbness of tongue and nontoxic was increased， and in the Qing dynasty， steaming and moistening was added. The main purposes of steaming in the past dynasties were recorded as enhancing the tonic effect， moderating the medicinal properties， reducing side effects， etc. In modern times， the purposes of preserving medicinal effects and facilitating storage were increased. From the perspective of the historical process of steam development， the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period to the Han dynasty were the embryonic period of steam development， the Southern and Northern dynasties， Tang and Song dynasties were the rapid periods of steam development， and the Ming and Qing dynasties were the prosperous periods of steam development. This paper can provide reference for the research and development of steaming technology.

Brief History of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry in Lingnan Region / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Lingnan， locating on the southern coast of China， is a major distribution center of Chinese medicinal materials and imported southern medicine. It is also a well-known patent medicine production base and a foreign trade port. This paper collected relevant historical documents of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） industry of Lingnan in different times， including Chinese herbs， decoction pieces， Chinese patent medicines and TCM shops. TCM industry of Lingnan originated from the Qin dynasty， and began to develop slowly from the Qin and Han dynasties to the southern and northern dynasties. Private drugstores appeared from the Tang and Song dynasties to the Yuan dynasty， and pharmaceutical commodity production appeared in the Ming dynasty. The TCM industry reached its peak in Qing dynasty， and the modern economic form of the TCM industry appeared during the Republic of China （1912—1949）. It is of great significance for the inheritance， development and innovation of TCM industry of Lingnan to sort out its development history and clarity its development context.

Analysis of volatile oil components of different species of Curcumae Rhizoma based on GC-MS and chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

The volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma has many active components,which are the key to the quality of Curcumae Rhizoma. Exploring the difference between volatile oil of different kinds of Curcumae Rhizoma facilitates the quality control and rational application of resources. In this study,GC-MS was applied to realize online qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of the chemical composition spectrum of volatile oil from Curcuma wenyujin( CW),C. phaeocaulis( CP),and C. kwangsiensis( CK). Forty components were identified and their fingerprints were compared and evaluated. Hierarchical cluster analysis( HCA),principal component analysis( PCA),and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis( OPLS-DA) were adopted to analyze the overall and outlier data. The results showed that the whole data could be divided into three kinds according to each analysis mode,and the volatile components of Curcumae Rhizoma vary greatly among species. PCA explored the difference between outliers and the mean value of the group and found that some volatile oils from CW may be greatly affected by the origin. By OPLS-DA,the samples from Zhejiang were able to gather,but those from Guizhou remained isolated,indicating the influence of growing environment on Curcumae Rhizoma metabolites. Based on VIP results combined with the heat map,characteristic volatile oil components of Curcumae Rhizoma from different varieties were screened out: curdione and linalool for CW; 2-undecanone for CP; humulene,γ-selinene,and zederone for CK. The GCMS method established in this study describes Curcumae Rhizoma samples comprehensively and accurately,and the characteristic components screened based on chemometrics can be used to distinguish Curcumae Rhizoma from different varieties and give them unique pharmacodynamic significance,which is fast,convenient,stable,and reliable and supports the rational application of Curcu-mae Rhizoma resources. It is found that the region of origin has great influence on CW,which is worthy of further study.

Medical falls among older adults in Latin American cities / Caidas médicas entre adultos mayores en ciudades latinoamericanas

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for falls requiring medical attention, referred as medical falls, in community-dwelling persons aged >60 years. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using information from the Health, Well-Being, and Aging ("SABE") Study in Latin America and the Caribbean (7 cities), as well as from the SABE Bogota study (pooled sample of 8 cities n=12,487). Falls that occurred during a past 12-month period were considered and then noted if required medical treatment because of the fall. Results The weighted prevalence of medical falls across the eight surveys ranged from 6.0% to 11.3%. In weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses, potentially modifiable risk factors for medical falls include urinary incontinence (OR=1.51 95% CI 1.18-1.92), high depressive symptomatology (OR=1.53 95% CI 1.24-1.91), poor self-rated health (OR=1.35 95% CI 1.10-1.66) and activities of daily living limitations (OR=1.48 95% CI 1.16-1.87). Conclusions Based on our results, preventive measures targeting these risk factors may help to decrease the risk for medical falls among older adults in Latin America.

RESUMEN Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de caídas que requieren atención médica, denominadas caídas médicas, en personas de edad mayor o igual a 60 años que viven en la comunidad. Métodos Se realizó un análisis transversal utilizando información del Estudio de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) en América Latina y el Caribe (7 ciudades), así como del estudio SABE Bogotá (muestra conjunta de 8 ciudades [n=12 487]). Se consideraron las caídas que ocurrieron durante los últimos 12 meses y luego se observó si esa persona requirió tratamiento médico como resultado de la caída. Resultados La prevalencia ponderada de caídas médicas en las ocho encuestas varió de 6,0% a 11,3%. El análisis de regresión logística múltiple ponderada de factores de riesgo para caídas médicas potencialmente modificables incluye incontinencia urinaria (OR=1,51 IC 95% 1,18-1,92), sintomatología depresiva alta (OR=1,53 IC 95% 1,241,91), mala salud autoevaluada (OR=1,35 IC 95% 1,10-1,66) y las limitaciones de actividades de vida diaria (OR=1,48 IC 95% 1,16-1,87). Conclusión Según nuestros resultados, medidas preventivas basadas en estos factores puede ayudar a disminuir el riesgo de caídas médicas entre los adultos mayores en América Latina.

Herbalogical study of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi) / 中国中药杂志

As a most important Chinese materia medica, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi) had been widely used in China for thousands of years. This herbalogical study was systematically performed based on variation characteristics of the naming, habitat, harvesting, processing and properties. The sharp toxicity of Fuzi had been well known since the spring and autumn period in the history, which was much earlier than that its medical properties was understood and applied. Sichuan province was regarded as the geo-authentic region of Fuzi all along, where the best quality goods could be provided for clinic use. The study showed the harvesting time of Fuzi was changing in different periods, and the possible effects were of climate change and artificial planting. The perishable characteris-tics of Fuzi severely limited its storage period; therefore, different kinds of storage methods were effectively used since Tang Dynasty. For thousands of years, Fuzi had been processed with various accessories to reduce toxicity, while simultaneously the study on processing mechanism was on going all the time. Fuzi was widely used in clinical practice to cure Yang depletion syndrome, which was based on its function of enhancing Yang and removing cold. Along with the further study on quality evaluation standard, Fuzi will probably get a much wider range of applications.

Herbalogical study of Colla Corii Asini(Ejiao) / 中国中药杂志

Colla Corii Asini(Ejiao)is an important Chinese medicine used in China for thousands of years, and is well known for its famous tonic properties. The herbalogical study was detailed carried out based on the naming, habitat, harvesting, processing, medicinal properties and clinical efficacy. The results showed that the name of Ejiao could be traced back to Shennong's Materia Medica, and various names of Lvpi Jiao, Penfu Jiao and Fuzhi Jiao were recorded in other ancient books. In the many intervening centuries, the main materials of Ejiao had been replaced from cow leather before Tang Dynasty to donkey skin in the middle to late Tang Dynasty. This phenomenon could be probably caused by complicated social factors of various periods and different efficacy of Ejiao made by all kinds of raw materials. Ejiao was merely processed with the simple methods before Tang Dynasty, which subsequently improved avariety of methods to enhance the supplementation action. Most importantly, Ejiao has a wide clinic application along with the development of processing theories and methods, which can be found in various Classics, especially in imperial medical case record in Qing Dynasty.

Identification of curcumin content in raw and vinegar-processed rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis based on electronic nose combined with back propagation neural network / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to establish a rapid and accurate method for identification of raw and vinegar-processed rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis, in order to predict the content of curcumin compounds for scientific evaluation. A complete set of bionics recognition mode was adopted. The digital odor signal of raw and vinegar-processed rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis were obtained by e-nose, and analyzed by back propagation(BP) neural network algorithm, with the accuracy, the sensitivity and specificity in discriminant model, correlation coefficient as well as the mean square error in regression model as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the three indexes of the e-nose signal discrimination model established by the neural network algorithm were 100% in training set, correction set and prediction set, which were obviously better than the traditional decision tree, naive bayes, support vector machine, K nearest neighbor and boost classification, and could accurately differentiate the raw and vinegar products. Correlation coefficient and mean square error of the regression model in prediction set were 0.974 8 and 0.117 5 respectively, and could well predict curcumin compounds content in Curcuma kwangsiensis, and demonstrate the superiority of the simulation biometrics model in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine. By BP neural network algorithm, e-nose odor fingerprint could quickly, conveniently and accurately realize the discrimination and regression, which suggested that more bionics information acquisition and identification patterns could be combined in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to provide ideas and methods for the rapid evaluation and stan-dardization of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine.

Analysis on Lingnan Characteristic Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Lingnan region is located in the southernmost part of China. Under the influence of its unique regional conditions, climate environment, humanistic concepts and other factors, Lingnan region has formed its unique processing methods and characteristic varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces. Through literature searching, the formation of Lingnan characteristic processing of TCM was expounded from the aspects of Lingnan climate, physical characteristics of Lingnan people and pharmaceutical characteristics of Lingnan medicine, etc. By comparing the similarities and differences of processing technologies between the all edition of Guangdong processing specifications and the 2015 edition of China Pharmacopoeia, characteristic varieties of Lingnan TCM decoction pieces were excavated and sorted out, which were prepared by steaming, wine steaming, salt steaming, vinegar steaming and other methods. TCM preparation of Lingnan region has distinctive local characteristics and profound cultural deposits, to sort out these TCM preparation is conducive to the inheritance, development and innovation of Lingnan characteristic processing, and at the same time, it can provide basis for the clinical service of TCM and the development of clinical new drugs of TCM.

Correlation Study of Color Difference Values and Active Constituent Contents in Crude and Processed Zingiber officinale / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the correlation between color difference values and active constituent contents of crude and processed Zingiber officinale . METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determint the content of 6 active constituents. The color difference values of crude and processed Z. officinale [lightness（L＊），red-green axis component （a＊），yellow-blue axis component（b＊）] were determined by chromatic aberration meter . SPSS 24.0 software was adopted for the correlation analysis between color difference values and active constituent contents. RESULTS ：The linear range of zingiberone ，6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， 6-shogaol， diacetoxy-6-gingerol and 10-gingerol were 2.65-105.90， 10.15-406.00， 4.87-194.80， 5.28-211.20， 6.14-245.70，7.02-280.80 μg/mL（r＞0.999）. The limits of quantification were 7.46，13.68，14.37，16.62，17.03，17.99 ng，and the limits of detection were 2.24，4.11，4.31，4.99，5.11，5.40 ng，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability，and repeatability tests were all lower than 3％. The average recovery rates were 101.34％，102.14％，101.22％；103.12％，103.74％，103.54％；103.06％，properties critical for cell migration and invasion. induced EMT through downregulation of NF-κB-Snail sig- naling in breast cancer cells enchymal transition and activation of TLR 4/JNK signal - 98.55％，99.43％；99.36％，103.51％，101.21％；100.85％，99.42％，99.60％；100.39％，97.69％，103.84％（RSD were all lower than 3％，n＝3），respectively. The contents of them were 0-0.66，0.06-7.57，0.03-1.45，0.29-3.47，0.15-2.85，0.04-2.83 mg/g， respectively. L＊ and b＊ values were negative correlated with the processing degree of Z. officinale significantly（P＜0.01），a＊ showed a significantly positive correlation with the processing degree （P＜0.05）. L＊and b＊ values showed a significantly negative correlation with the content of zingiberone before and after processing ，but positively correlated with the other five components （P＜0.01）. a＊ showed a significantly positive correlation with the content of zingiberone ，but had no correlation with other five components（P＞0.05）. The crude and processed Z. officinale were positive correlated with the content of zingiberone ，negatively correlated with other five components （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：There is a certain correlation between the color difference values of crude and processed Z. officinale and the contents of their active constituents. With the deepening of the processing ，a＊ values is increased ，L＊ values and b＊ values is decreased ；the content of zingiberone increases ，the contents of 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol，6-shogaol，diacetoxy-6-gingerol，10-gingerol reduce.

Chemical constituents in chloroform fraction of Houttuynia cordata / 中国中药杂志

Nine compounds were isolated from chloroform fraction of Houttuynia cordata,and the isolates were identified as follows:( S)-5,6,6 a,7-tetrahydro-2,10-dimethoxy-4 H-dibenzo [DE,G] quinoline-1,9-diol( 1),( +)-isoboldine β-N-oxide( 2),liriotulipiferine( 3),telitoxinone( 4),isoboldine( 5),(-)-clovane-2β,9α-diol( 6),benzoic acid( 7),acantrifoside E( 8),and dibutyl phthalate( 9). Among them,compound 1 was new,and compounds 2-9 were reported from this species for the first time.

Investigation of Integrated Pharmacokinetics of Active Components in Moutan Cortex and Its Correlation with Pharmacodynamics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study on the correlation between integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of five active components(oxidized paeoniflorin,paeoniflorin,quercetin,gallic acid, paeonol) in Moutan Cortex. Method:Rats were divided into blank group,model group(syndrome of blood-heat and blood stasis) and drug-administered group.The concentration of five active components in serum were detected with UPLC-MS at different time points after being administrated ethanol extract of Moutan Cortex.The integrated concentrations were calculated according to area under the curve(AUC) self-defined weighting coefficiency.At the same time,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine the contents of thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(6-keto-PGF1α) in serum at different time points,and then correlation between pharmacodynamics and integrated pharmacokinetics of these five active ingredients was analyzed. Result:At different time points(0.083,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12 h),the integrated plasma concentrations of these five active ingredients in Moutan Cortex(158.65,174.60,220.13,227.23,244.31,251.51,404.28,654.39,472.62,355.04, 231.56,199.40 mg·L-1) had a good correlation with concentration of TXB2(264.44,261.03,284.93,273.30,264.04, 278.90,274.83,303.58,260.03,264.78,264.40,256.62 μg·L-1) and value of TXB2/6-keto-PGFlα(4.50,4.47,3.66,3.37, 3.29,3.66,3.71,4.30,3.63,3.65,3.75,3.66). Conclusion:There is a good correlation between the dynamic changes in vivo of active components from Moutan Cortex and pharmacodynamic effects of activating blood circulation of this herb.

Correlation Analysis of Color and Effective Components Content in Moutan Cortex before and after Carbonized / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the correlation between the color of Moutan Cortex and the contents of effective components before and after carbonized， and to provide reference for identification and quality evaluation of Moutan Cortex and its charcoal piece decoction. METHODS： Using colorimeter determination of Moutan Cortex and Moutan Cortex charcoal decoction pieces powder chroma space parameter [lightness value （L*）， red， green and component values （a*）， yellow and blue component value （b*） and total color difference value （E*ab）]， HPLC method for content determination of 10 effective components （gallic acid， 5-HMF， catechins， oxypaeoniflorin， paeoniflorin， quercetin， benzoyl paeoniflorin， isorhamnetin， paeonol， kaempferide） content in Moutan Cortex and Moutan Cortex charcoal decoction pieces. On this basis， the correlation between the content of effective components and the chromaticity space parameter of a color was studied by SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS： There was no correlation between gallic acid content and the chromaticity space parameter of a color （P＞0.05）. There was an extremely significant negative correlation between 5-HMF content and L*， b*， E*ab （P＜0.01）， and an extremely significant positive correlation between 5-HMF content and a* （P＜0.01）. The content of paeoniflorin was positively correlated with L*， b* and E*ab， but not with a* （P＞0.05）. The content of oxidized paeoniflorin was positively correlated with L* and E*ab （P＜0.01）， and negatively correlated with a* （P＜0.01）， but not with b* （P＞0.05）. The content of catechins， quercetin， benzoyl paeoniflorin， isorhamnin， paeonol and kaempferol were positively correlated with L*， b* and E*ab （P＞0.05）， and negatively correlated with a* （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Chromatic aberration technology can quantify the color of Moutan Cortex and its charcoal decoction pieces， and there is a significant correlation between the color of Moutan Cortex before and after processing and the content of its active ingredients.

Optimization of the Hot Sand Processing Technology for Alpinia officinarum by Central Composite Design-response Surface Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To optimize the hot sand processing technology of Alpinia officinarum，and to provide scientific evidence for the standardized processing of A. officinarum. METHODS：The contents of galangin and curcumin in processed A. officinarum were determined by HPLC. Based on single factor test，using processing temperature and processing time as factors，comprehensive score of galangin and curcumin contents as index，central composite design-response surface method was used to optimize hot sand processing technology of A. officinarum，and the processing technology was validated. RESULTS：The optimal processing technology included processing temperature of 200 ℃ and processing time of 5.5 min. In validation tests，average comprehensive score was 94.38 （RSD＝1.02％），relative deviation of which to predicted value 93.74 was 0.68％. CONCLUSIONS：The optimized processing technology is simple and predictable. It can be used for hot sand processing technology of A. officinarum.

Study on the Standardization of Drying Technology and Quality Standard of Zingiber officinale Peel / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the drying technology of Zingiber officinale peel and establish its quality standard. METHODS:Moisture content was determined in samples after being dried for different time(0.5-10.0 h)under 50,60,70,80, 90 ℃. Optimal drying time under each temperature was screened by using moisture content of 7%-13% as dryness for controlling standard. Then contents of 6-gingerol,8-gingerol,6-shogaol,10-gingerol in samples dried for optimal drying time under different temperatures were measured,using the 4 gingerol contents as indexes to optimize the drying temperature and time. And verification test was conducted. The moisture,total ash,water soluble extract,volatile oil,6-gingerol,8-gingerol and 10-gingerol of Z. offici-nale peel from 10 different producing areas were detected to establish quality standard after being dried with the optimal technology. RESULTS:The drying time of Z. officinale peel under 50,60,70,80,90 ℃ was determined as 10.0,4.2,2.6,1.5,1.1 h,re-spectively. The optimal drying technology was 50 ℃ drying for 10.0 h. Verification test showed RSDs of 6-gingerol,8-gingerol, 6-shogaol,10-gingerol contents were 1.46%,1.09%,1.35%,1.12%(n=3),respectively. The quality standard of Z. officinale peel was suggested that total ash was no more than 18.0%;water soluble extract,volatile oil,6-gingerol,8-gingerol,10-gingerol were respectively no less than 18.0%,1.30%,0.730%,0.060%,0.100%. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized drying technology of Z. officinale peel is reasonable,reliable,stable and simple,which provides a scientific basis for standardizing the drying technolo-gy and quality standard of Z. officinale peel. The established quality standard is feasible.

Expression of human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with epithelial growth factor receptor mutation and its significance / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To detect the expression of human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, and to explore the potential of HER-2 as a therapeutic target for drug resistance in patients with EGFR mutations. Methods HER-2 is commonly expressed in the advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations, mainly in the cell membrane. Results The overexpression rate of HER-2 protein in tissues of advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations was 33.3%(28/84). The overexpression rate of HER-2 protein in patients>50 years of age was 40.3%(27/67), which was significantly higher than that of patients ≤50 years of age [5.9 % (1/17)], the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.227, P=0.007). The overexpression rate of HER-2 protein in patients with high pathological differentiation [44.4 % (8/18)] was higher than that in patients with poor pathological differentiation [30.3%(20/66)], but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=1.273, P=0.259). The overexpression of HER-2 protein in patients with EGFR 21 exon mutation [40.5 % (17/42)] was significantly higher than that of EGFR19 exon mutation [25.0%(10/40)], but the difference was not statistical significance (χ2=2.222, P=0.136). Conclusions The overexpression rate of HER-2 protein in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation is high, which is related to the age and tumor differentiation. HER-2 is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for drug resistance patients with EGFR mutations.